World-Wide Web

NTT$B4pAC8&5f=j(B $B9bEDIR90(B (takada@seraph.ntt.jp)

"It's like the difference between the brain and the mind. Explore the Internet and you find cables and computers. Explore the Web and you find information." --- Tim Berners-Lee [NYT93]

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World-Wide Web$B$H$O(B?
World-Wide Web$B$NFCD'(B
WWW$B$rM}2r$9$k(B3$B$D$N%-!<%o!<%I(B
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
URL (Universal Resource Locator)
WWW$B$G$I$N$h$&$J>pJs$,F@$i$l$k$N$+(B?
WWW$B$NGzH/E@.D9(B
WWW$B%/%i%$%"%s%H!&%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
HTTP$B%5!<%P!&%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
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NTT$B$N(BWWW$B%5!<%P$K$D$$$F(B
WWW$B$NF|K\8l2=$"$k$$$O9q:]2=(B
WWW$B$N>-Mh$H2]Bj(B: $B5;=QE4QE@$+$i(B
WWW$B$N>-Mh$H2]Bj(B: $B?M4VE4QE@$+$i(B
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World-Wide Web$B$H$O(B?

World-Wide Web ($BDL>o(B WWW, W3 $B$"$k$$$O(B Web $B$J$I$HN,$5$l$k(B) $B$O(B 1989 $BG/$K(B CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics, Geneva, Switzerland) $B$N(B Tim Berners-Lee $B$K$h$jDs0F$5$l$?9-0h>pJs%7%9%F%`$G$"$j(B, $B0J2<$N$h$&$J7P0^$r7P$F(B, $B:#F|6K$a$FB?$/$NCmL\$r=8$a$k$h$&$K$J$C$?(B.

WWW$B$NNr;K(B

1989$BG/(B3$B7n(B: $B:G=i$N(B$B%W%m%8%'%/%H!&%W%m%]!<%6%k(B$B$,(B Tim Berners-Lee $B$K$h$j=q$+$l$k(B.
1990$BG/(B11$B7n(B: WWW $B$N:G=i$N%W%m%H%?%$%W$,(B NeXT $B>e$G:n$i$l$k(B.
1991$BG/(B3$B7n(B: Line mode $B%V%i%&%6$N:G=i$N%j%j!<%9(B.
1991$BG/(B10$B7n(B: $B@lMQ$N%a!<%j%s%0%j%9%H(B (www-interest $B$H(B www-talk) $B$,3+@_$5$l$k(B.
1992$BG/(B2$B7n(B12$BF|(B: Line mode $B%V%i%&%6$NB8:_$,(B alt.hypertext, comp.infosystems, comp.mail.multi-media, comp.archives.admin $B$J$I$G%"%J%&%s%9$5$l$k(B.
1993$BG/(B1$B7n(B: Midas, Viola, Mosaic $B$J$I$N(B X Window System $BMQ$N%V%i%&%6$H(B, Macintosh $BMQ$N%V%i%&%6$,%j%j!<%9$5$l$k(B. $B$3$N;~%5!<%P$N?t$O(B50.

( The World Wide Web project <http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/History.html> $B$h$j0zMQ(B)

World-Wide Web$B$NFCD'(B

WWW $B$O0J2<$K5s$2$k$h$&$JFCD'$r;}$D(B.

$B%O%$%Q!<%F%-%9%H$r2p$7$F(B Internet $B>e$NA4$F$N>pJs$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$3$H$r2DG=$K$9$k(B.
Internet $B>e$NA4$F$N>pJs$r%7!<%`%l%9$K7k9g$9$k(B.

$BE}0l$5$l$?4JC1$JJ}K!$G(B, Internet $B>e$NA4$F$NpJs$K(B, $B0lMM$K%"%/%;%9$9$k$3$H$r2DG=$K$9$k(B.

$B4pK\E*$K$O%5!<%P!&%/%i%$%"%s%H!&%b%G%k$K4p$E$/(B.

WWW$B$rM}2r$9$k(B3$B$D$N%-!<%o!<%I(B

WWW $B$r9=@.$9$k$N$O0J2<$N(B3$B$D$N35G0$G$"$k(B.

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
WWW $B$NCf3K$H$J$k%O%$%Q!<%F%-%9%H$r5-=R$9$k$?$a$N8@8l(B.
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
WWW $B$N%/%i%$%"%s%H!&%5!<%P4V$N%W%m%H%3%k(B.
URL (Universal Resource Locator)
Internet $B>e$NMM!9$J%j%=!<%9$KBP$9$kE}0lE*$JL>A0IU$1$N
$B

HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
WWW $B$OMM!9$J>pJs$r7k$SIU$1$k
HTML $B$G$"$j(B, $BB>$N;q8;$X$N%j%s%/>pJs$HJ8=q$N%U%)!<%^%C%H$rI=8=$9$k5!G=$r;}$D(B. HTML $B$O(B SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) $B$r4pK\$H$7$?%?%0IU$-8@8l$G$"$j(B, SGML $B$H(B HTML $B$rI=$9(B DTD (Document Type Definition) $B$K$h$C$FDj5A$5$l$k(B.
$B4JC1$J(B HTML $B7A<0$NJ8=q$NNc$r0J2<$K<($9(B.
```
	_____________________________________________

	<HEAD>
	<TITLE>HTML example page</TITLE>
	</HEAD>
	<BODY>
	<H1>Simple HTML example</H1>
	<A HREF="http://www.ntt.jp/index.html">
	<IMG SRC="/ntt/logo.gif"> $B$3$N%\%?%s(B
	</A>
	$B$r2!$9$H(B<B>NTT</B>$B$N(BHomePage$B$K9T$-$^$9(B. 
	</BODY>
	_____________________________________________
```
$B>e$N(B HTML $B7A<0$NJ8=q$rI=<($7$?7k2L$O0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$k(B.

HTML$B$K4X$9$k%H%T%C%/%9(B
HTML $B$K$D$$$F$O(B, $B8=:_(B, $B$h$jK-IY$J5!G=$r;}$C$??7$7$$5,3J$G$"$k(B HTML+ $B$r3+H/Cf$G$"$k(B.

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)
HTTP $B$O(B WWW $B$N%/%i%$%"%s%H$,%5!<%P$HDL?.$9$k:]$K(B($B
e$G
HTTP $B%W%m%H%3%k$NCf?4ItJ,$O6K$a$F%7%s%W%k$G$"$j(B, $B%5!<%P$O%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$iMh$?(B,
GET <$BMW5a$9$k%U%!%$%kL>(B> [<$B;HMQ$9$k%W%m%H%3%kL>(B>]
$B$H$$$&MW5a$KBP$7$F(B, $B$=$N%U%!%$%k$NFbMF$K%X%C%@$rIU2C$7$FAw$jJV$9(B. $BNc$($P(B$BA0@a(B$B$GNc$K<($7$?(B HTML $B%U%!%$%k$r%/%i%$%"%s%H$,MW5a$7(B, $B$=$l$,(B HTTP $B%5!<%P$+$iAw$jJV$5$l$kMM;R$r0J2<$K<($9(B.
[$B%/%i%$%"%s%H$+$i%5!<%P$X$NMW5a(B] GET /test.html HTTP/1.0 <CR> <CR> [$B%5!<%P$+$i%/%i%$%"%s%H$X$NJVEz(B] HTTP/1.0 200 OK^M Date: Tue Jan 18 16:19:48 1994 GMT^M Server: NCSA/1.0a^M MIME-version: 1.0^M Content-type: text/html^M ^M <HEAD>^M <TITLE>HTML example page</TITLE>^M </HEAD>^M <BODY>^M <H1>Simple HTML example</H1>^M <A HREF="http://www.ntt.jp/index.html">^M <IMG SRC="/ntt/logo.gif"> $B$3$N%\%?%s(B^M </A>^M $B$r2!$9$H(B<B>NTT</B>$B$N(BHomePage$B$K9T$-$^$9(B. ^M </BODY>^M
$BMW5a$5$l$?%U%!%$%k$,(B HTML $B7A<00J30$N>l9g$G$bF1MM$K(B , $B%X%C%@$N8e$K$=$N%G!<%?$,Aw$jJV$5$l$k(B.

HTTP$B$K4X$9$k%H%T%C%/%9(B
HTTP $B$K$D$$$F$O(B, $B>/$7A0$^$G$O$=$N%5%V%;%C%H$G$"$k(B "HTTP 0.9" $B$H8F$P$l$k$b$N$,MQ$$$i$l$F$$$?(B. $B$7$+$78=:_$G$O$[$H$s$I$N%5!<%P$,@5<0$J(B HTTP $B%W%m%H%3%k(B ("HTTP 1.0" $B$H8F$P$l$k(B) $B$r;HMQ$9$k$h$&$K$J$C$?(B.

URL (Universal Resource Locator)
WWW $B$N9=@.$9$kMWAG$NCf$G:G$b=EMW$J35G0$,(B URL $B$G$"$k(B. URL $B$O(B Internet $B;q8;$KBP$9$kE}0lE*$JL>A0IU$1$N scheme://host.domain[:port]/path[#anchor][?keyword] $B$H$$$&7A<0$r$7$F$$$k(B.
$BNc$($P(B$BA0@a(B$B$GNc$K<($7$?(B HTML $B7A<0$N%U%!%$%k$,(B www.ntt.jp $B$H$$$&%[%9%H$K(B test.html $B$H$$$&%U%!%$%kL>$GCV$+$l$F$*$j(B, $B$=$l$r(B HTTP $B%W%m%H%3%k$rMQ$$$FMW5a$9$k$3$H$,2DG=$J>l9g$O(B,
http://www.ntt.jp/test.html
$B$H$$$&(B URL $B$G(B, $B$=$N;q8;$rFCDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-$k(B.
URL $B$O(B scheme $BIt$GMM!9$J%W%m%H%3%k$r;XDj$9$k$3$H$,$G$-(B, $B$3$l$K$h$j(B WWW $B$O(B, Internet $B>e$NMM!9$J%5!<%S%9$+$iF@$i$l$k>pJs$rE}0lE*$K
HTTP
http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
File/FTP
file://ftp.ntt.jp/sound/voice.au
Gopher
gopher://gopher.micro.umn.edu:70/1
WAIS
wais://quake.think.com/weather?surface
NetNews
news:comp.infosystems.www
Telnet
telnet://www@info.cern.ch $B>e$NNc$+$i$bJ,$+$k$h$&$K(B, WWW $B$H$OC1$K(B WWW $BFb$KJD$8$?%7%9%F%`$G$O$J$/(B, Gopher, WAIS, FTP, Archie, WHOIS, NetNews $B$J$I$N(B Internet $B>e$NMM!9$J>pJs%7%9%F%`$rO"B3$7$?7A$GFbJq$9$k35G0$G$"$k(B. $B$3$N:G$b=EMW$JFCD'$r2DG=$K$7$F$$$k0l$D$N%]%$%s%H$,(B URL $B$G$"$k(B.

URL$B$K4X$9$k%H%T%C%/%9(B
URL $B4XO"$G$O(B, $B8=:_(B IETF $B$N(B URI WG $B$G(B, URI (Uniform Resource Idenifier), URN (Uniform Resource Name), URC (Uniform Resource Citation) $B$J$I$N(B, URL $B$h$j99$K9b%l%Y%k$J(B Internet $B;q8;$X$NL>A0IU$1$N

WWW$B$G$I$N$h$&$J>pJs$,F@$i$l$k$N$+(B?
CERN $B$G:n@.$7$F$$$k(B The World-Wide Web Virtual Library: Subject Catalogue <http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/DataSources/bySubject/Overview.html> $B$H$$$&%j%9%H$K$O0J2<$N9`L\$,5s$2$i$l$F$$$k(B.
Aeronautics, Agriculture, Archaeology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Bio Sciences, Chemistry, Computing, Earth Science, Economics, Education, Electronic Journals, Engineering, Environment, Finance, Fortune-telling, Geography, History, Languages, Law, Libraries, Literature & Art, Mathematics, Meteorology, Movies, Music, Philosophy, Psychology, Physics, Politics and Economics, Recipes, Reference, Religion, Social Sciences
$B$7$+$7pJs$,:#8=:_@$3&$K$"$k$+$O(B, WWW $B$,F|$KF|$K@.D9$rB3$1$F$$$k:#F|$G$O(B, $BC/$bGD0.$N$7$h$&$,$J$$$G$"$m$&(B.
WWW $B$N@$3&$K$I$N$h$&$J$b$N$,B8:_$9$k$+$rCN$j$?$1$l$P(B, $B>e$N%j%9%H$r

WWW$B$NGzH/E*@.D9(B
WWW $B$O(B 1993 $BG/$N0lG/4V$GHtLvE*$J@.D9$r?k$2$?(B. $B$=$N@.D9$NMM;R$r(B, $B%5!<%P$N?t$H(B Internet $BCf$rN.$l$k%G!<%?$NNL$N(B2$B$D$NB&LL$+$i>R2p$9$k(B.
HTTPD$B%5!<%P?t(B
$B0J2<$NI=$O(B HTTPD $B%5!<%P$N?t$NMM;R$r<($7$?$b$N$G$"$k(B.
Number of Date Server Sites _________________________ Jun 5, 1993 130 Sep ?, 1993 204 Oct 15, 1993 212 Oct 25, 1993 228 Nov 18, 1993 272 Dec 13, 1993 623
( <http://www.mit.edu:8001/afs/sipb/user/mkgray/ht/web-growth.html> $B$h$j0zMQ(B)
HTTP$B%W%m%H%3%k$N%Q%1%C%H?t(B
$B0J2<$N%0%i%U$O(B NSFNET $B%P%C%/%\!<%s!&%H%i%U%#%C%/$N5nG/0lG/4V$N%W%m%H%3%kJLE}7W$h$j(B, $BA4BN$N%H%i%U%#%C%/$KBP$9$k(B HTTP $B%W%m%H%3%k$,@j$a$k3d9g(B ($B3g8LFb$O$=$N=g0L$rI=$9(B) $B$,A}2C$7$F$$$/MM;R$r<($7$?$b$N$G$"$k(B.

WWW$B$N%/%i%$%"%s%H!&%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
WWW $B$N%/%i%$%"%s%H!&%=%U%H%&%'%"$r>R2p$9$k(B.
Terminal based browsers

CERN Line Mode Browser
Dumb terminal $B>e$GF0:n$9$k%/%i%$%"%s%H(B.
Lynx
UNIX $B$N(B curses $B%i%$%V%i%j$rMQ$$$FF0:n$9$k(B. $B!VF|K\8l(B curses$B!W$KN`$9$k$b$N$,$"$l$P(B, $BF|K\8l$NI=<($,2DG=(B.
Emacs W3-mode
GNU Emacs $BMQ(B. Mule $B>e$G;HMQ$9$l$PB?9q8l$N
X Window System

NCSA Mosaic for X
$BHs>o$K6/NO$GL%NOE*$J%W%m%0%i%`$G$"$j(B, $B8=;~E@$G$N(B WWW $B$NBeI=E*$J%/%i%$%"%s%H$H$J$C$F$$$k(B. Motif $B$rMQ$$$F=q$+$l$F$$$k(B.
tkWWW
Tcl/Tk $B$G=q$+$l$F$$$k(B. $BF|K\8l(B Tcl/Tk $B$rMQ$$$l$PF|K\8l$NI=<($,2DG=(B.
Chimera
Athena Widget $B$N$_$rMxMQ$9$k%/%i%$%"%s%H(B.
MidasWWW
Motif $B$rMQ$$$F$$$k(B. $BCf9q8l$NI=<($b2DG=(B.
ViolaWWW

Macintosh

NCSA Mosaic for Macintosh
Mosaic $B$N(B Macintosh $BHG(B. X $BHG$N8e$rDI$$$+$1$F3+H/$5$l$k7A$K$J$C$F$$$k$N$G(B, X $BHG$h$j$O$d$d5!G=$,Nt$k(B.
Samba

NeXTStep

Browser-Editor on the NeXT
NeXTStep $BMQ$N%/%i%$%"%s%H(B.

Microsoft Windows

NCSA Mosaic for Windows
Mosaic $B$N(B MS-Windows $BHG(B. Mac $BHG$HF1MM(B, X $BHG$h$j$O$d$d5!G=$,Nt$k(B.
Cello
$B0J>e$K5s$2$?0J30$K$bB??t$N%/%i%$%"%s%H$,B8:_$9$k(B. $B8=;~E@$G:G$b9-$/;H$o$l$F$$$k$N$O(B Mosaic $B$G$"$k(B. Lynx, W3-mode $B$J$I$bMxMQ

HTTP$B%5!<%P!&%=%U%H%&%'%"(B
WWW ($B@53N$K$O(B HTTP) $B$N%5!<%P!&%=%U%H%&%'%"$r>R2p$9$k(B.

CERN server
CERN $B$G=q$+$l$?%*%j%8%J%k$N%5!<%P(B
NCSA httpd
NCSA $B$G=q$+$l$?%5!<%P(B. PDS $B$KCV$+$l$F$$$k(B.
Plexus
Perl $B$G=q$+$l$?%5!<%P(B. $B%5!<%P<+?H$N3HD%$,MF0W$G$"$k(B.
MacHTTP
Macintosh $B>e$GF0$/%5!<%P(B.
GN
$B4pK\E*$K$O(B Gopher $B$N%5!<%P$G$"$k$,(B, HTTP $B%W%m%H%3%k$b

$BF|K\$K$*$1$k(BWWW$B$N>u67(B
1994 $BG/(B 1 $B7n(B 20 $BF|$N;~E@$G(B, $BF|K\$G$O0J2<$N(B 14 $B$N5!4X$G%5!<%P$,N)$A>e$,$C$F$$$k(B. $B$3$N?t$O:#G/0lG/$G$+$J$jA}$($F$$$/$b$N$H;W$o$l$k(B.
$B!!(B

NTT$B$N(BWWW$B%5!<%P$K$D$$$F(B
NTT $B$G$b(B$BM-;V(B$B$,Cf?4$H$J$C$F(B WWW $B%5!<%P$NN)$A>e$2$r9T$C$?(B. 1993 $BG/$N(B 9 $B7n$NKv$K%5!<%P$r3+@_$7(B, 10 $B7n(B 7 $BF|$KF|K\9qFb$KBP$7$F(B, 12 $B7n(B 2 $BF|$KA4@$3&$KBP$7$F%"%J%&%s%9$r9T$C$?(B.
$B8=:_$G$O(B NTT $B$N%5!<%P(B$B$KBP$7$F(B, $B0lF|J?6Q(B 3000 $B$+$i(B 5000 $B7o$N%"%/%;%9$,$"$k(B. $B%5!<%P$N3+@_$+$i8=:_$^$G$N(B, $B0l=54VKh$N%"%/%;%97o?t$N?d0\$r0J2<$N%0%i%U$K<($9(B.
$B$^$?(B, NTT $B$N%5!<%P$X$N%"%/%;%9$"$C$?9q$r(B, $B$=$N%"%/%;%92s?t=g$KJB$Y$k$H0J2<$N$h$&$K$J$k(B. Internet $B$K@\B3$5$l$F$$$kA4(B 69$B%v9q(B (1994$BG/(B1$B7n(B1$BF|8=:_(B) $BCf(B, 40$B%v9q$+$i$N%"%/%;%9$,$"$C$?(B.
Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Switzerland Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Australia, France, Finland, Italy, Norway, Hong Kong, Denmark, Poland, Spain, Austria, Israel, Taiwan, Belgium, Korea (South), Slovenia, Hungary, Ireland, Chile, Singapore, Portugal, Turkey, New Zealand, Greece, Mexico, Iceland, Costa Rica, Brazil, Czechoslovakia, Soviet Union, Slovak Republic, Malaysia, Croatia

$B8=:_(B NTT $B$N%5!<%P$K$O(B, NTT $B$K4X$9$k>pJs$NB>$K(B, Japanese Information $B$HLCBG$C$?%3!<%J!<$r@_$1$F$$$k(B. $B$3$l$O(B, $B:#F|$^$G$N3$30$+$i$N>pJs$NM"F~D62a798~$r4U$_(B, $B!VF|K\H/$N>pJs$X$NF~$j8}!W(B$B$H$$$&LL$N@Q6KE*$J%"%T!<%k$r;n$_$?$b$N$G$"$k(B.
$B$3$N(B Japanese Information $B$N%3!<%J!<$K$O(B, $BF|K\$NJ82=$d(B$BF|K\$G$N@83h(B$B$N>R2p(B, $B2;@<$rMQ$$$?4JC1$JF|K\8l9V:B(B, WWW $B$K$*$1$kF|K\8l$N $B$J$I$,CV$+$l$F$$$k(B. $B$^$?(B, $B?7$7$$7ABV$N>pJsDs6!%5!<%S%9$H$$$&4QE@$+$i(B, $B9q:]4Q8w?66=2q(B $B$J$I$H6&F1$G(B WWW $B$K$h$k(B $B>pJsDs6! $B$r9T$C$F$$$k(B.
$B$^$?pJs$NB>$K(B, NTT $B0J30$GDs6!$7$F$$$kF|K\$K4X$9$k>pJs$d9qFb$NB>$N(B WWW $B%5!<%P$J$I$X$N%j%s%/$r0];}$7$F$$$k(B.
$B:G8e$K;29M$^$G$K(B, NTT $B$N%5!<%P>e$K$"$k3F%Z!<%8Kh$N%"%/%;%9?t>e0L(B 10 $B7o$r0J2<$K<($9(B.
Number Of Percent Of Document Title Files Sent Files Sent ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- 1 NTT Home Page 13533 5.96 2 Japanese Information 8439 3.72 3 NTT Home Page (in Japanese) 2739 1.21 3 Note on Japanese Documents 2739 1.21 5 What's New 1990 0.88 6 TAKADA Toshihiro 1756 0.77 7 WWW Servers in Japan 1652 0.73 8 NTT INFORMATION 1539 0.68 9 YOUR TRAVELING COMPANION -JAPAN- 1422 0.63 10 Japanese Information (in Japanese) 1408 0.62

WWW$B$NF|K\8l2=$"$k$$$O9q:]2=(B

$BF|K\8l2=$5$l$?%/%i%$%"%s%H(B
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[TBL92a]
Berners-Lee, Tim, et. al., World-Wide Web: The Information Universe, In Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy, Vol. 1, No. 2, Meckler Publishing, Westport, CT, USA, 1992. Also available at <http://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/ENRAP_9202.ps>.

[TBL92b]
Berners-Lee, Tim and Cailliau, R., The World-Wide Web, In proceedings of the conference Computing in High Energy Physics, Annecy, France, 1992. To be published as a CERN yellow report. Also available at <http://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/chep92www.ps>.

[TBL93]
Berners-Lee, Tim, et. al., The World Wide Web Initiative, In proceedings of INET '93, Internet Society, 1993. Also available at <http://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/INET93.ps.Z>.

[KH93]
Hughes, Kevin, Entering the World-Wide Web: A Guide to Cyberspace, <http://www.hcc.hawaii.edu/guide/www.guide.html>, 1993.

[NYT93]
Markoff, John, A Free and Simple Computer Link, In The New York Times, December 8, 1993, Wednesday, Late Edition - Final. Also available at <http://www.ugcs.caltech.edu/~kluster/markoff.html>.

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