Compaq Fortran

Language Reference Manual

Order Number: AA-Q66SD-TK

September 1999

This manual contains the complete description of the Compaq Fortran (formerly DIGITAL Fortran) programming language, which includes Fortran 95, Fortran 90, and High Performance Fortran. It contains information on language syntax and semantics, on adherence to various Fortran standards, and on extensions to those standards.

Compaq Computer Corporation
Houston, Texas

© 2001 Compaq Computer Corporation

Contents

Preface

1 Overview

1.1 Language Standards Conformance

1.2 Language Compatibility

1.3 Fortran 95 Features

1.4 Fortran 90 Features

1.5 High Performance Fortran Features

2 Program Structure, Characters, and Source Forms

2.1 Program Structure

2.1.1 Statements

2.1.2 Names

2.2 Character Sets

2.3 Source Forms

2.3.1 Free Source Form

2.3.2 Fixed and Tab Source Forms

2.3.2.1 Fixed-Format Lines

2.3.2.2 Tab-Format Lines

2.3.3 Source Code Useable for All Source Forms

3 Data Types, Constants, and Variables

3.1 Intrinsic Data Types

3.1.1 Integer Data Types

3.1.2 Real Data Types

3.1.2.1 General Rules for Real Constants

3.1.2.2 REAL(4) Constants

3.1.2.3 REAL(8) or DOUBLE PRECISION Constants

3.1.2.4 REAL(16) Constants (VMS, U*X)

3.1.3 Complex Data Types

3.1.3.1 General Rules for Complex Constants

3.1.3.2 COMPLEX(4) Constants

3.1.3.3 COMPLEX(8) or DOUBLE COMPLEX Constants

3.1.3.4 COMPLEX(16) Constants (VMS, U*X)

3.1.4 Logical Data Types

3.1.5 Character Data Type

3.1.5.1 C Strings in Character Constants

3.1.5.2 Character Substrings

3.2 Derived Data Types

3.2.1 Derived-Type Definition

3.2.2 Default Initialization

3.2.3 Structure Components

3.2.4 Structure Constructors

3.3 Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal, and Hollerith Constants

3.3.1 Binary Constants

3.3.2 Octal Constants

3.3.3 Hexadecimal Constants

3.3.4 Hollerith Constants

3.3.5 Determining the Data Type of Nondecimal Constants

3.4 Variables

3.4.1 Data Types of Scalar Variables

3.4.1.1 Specification of Data Type

3.4.1.2 Implicit Typing Rules

3.4.2 Arrays

3.4.2.1 Whole Arrays

3.4.2.2 Array Elements

3.4.2.3 Array Sections

3.4.2.4 Array Constructors

3.4.2.5 Data Mapping of Arrays (TU*X only)

4 Expressions and Assignment Statements

4.1 Expressions

4.1.1 Numeric Expressions

4.1.1.1 Using Parentheses in Numeric Expressions

4.1.1.2 Data Type of Numeric Expressions

4.1.2 Character Expressions

4.1.3 Relational Expressions

4.1.4 Logical Expressions

4.1.5 Defined Operations

4.1.6 Summary of Operator Precedence

4.1.7 Initialization and Specification Expressions

4.1.7.1 Initialization Expressions

4.1.7.2 Specification Expressions

4.2 Assignment Statements

4.2.1 Intrinsic Assignments

4.2.1.1 Numeric Assignment Statements

4.2.1.2 Logical Assignment Statements

4.2.1.3 Character Assignment Statements

4.2.1.4 Derived-Type Assignment Statements

4.2.1.5 Array Assignment Statements

4.2.2 Defined Assignments

4.2.3 Pointer Assignments

4.2.4 WHERE Statement and Construct

4.2.5 FORALL Statement and Construct

5 Specification Statements

5.1 Type Declaration Statements

5.1.1 Declaration Statements for Noncharacter Types

5.1.2 Declaration Statements for Character Types

5.1.3 Declaration Statements for Derived Types

5.1.4 Declaration Statements for Arrays

5.1.4.1 Explicit-Shape Specifications

5.1.4.2 Assumed-Shape Specifications

5.1.4.3 Assumed-Size Specifications

5.1.4.4 Deferred-Shape Specifications

5.2 ALLOCATABLE Attribute and Statement

5.3 AUTOMATIC and STATIC Attributes and Statements

5.4 COMMON Statement

5.5 DATA Statement

5.6 DIMENSION Attribute and Statement

5.7 EQUIVALENCE Statement

5.7.1 Making Arrays Equivalent

5.7.2 Making Substrings Equivalent

5.7.3 EQUIVALENCE and COMMON Interaction

5.8 EXTERNAL Attribute and Statement

5.9 IMPLICIT Statement

5.10 INTENT Attribute and Statement

5.11 INTRINSIC Attribute and Statement

5.12 NAMELIST Statement

5.13 OPTIONAL Attribute and Statement

5.14 PARAMETER Attribute and Statement

5.15 POINTER Attribute and Statement

5.16 PRIVATE and PUBLIC Attributes and Statements

5.17 SAVE Attribute and Statement

5.18 TARGET Attribute and Statement

5.19 VOLATILE Attribute and Statement

6 Dynamic Allocation

6.1 ALLOCATE Statement

6.1.1 Allocation of Allocatable Arrays

6.1.2 Allocation of Pointer Targets

6.2 DEALLOCATE Statement

6.2.1 Deallocation of Allocatable Arrays

6.2.2 Deallocation of Pointer Targets

6.3 NULLIFY Statement

7 Execution Control

7.1 Branch Statements

7.1.1 Unconditional GO TO Statement

7.1.2 Computed GO TO Statement

7.1.3 The ASSIGN and Assigned GO TO Statements

7.1.3.1 ASSIGN Statement

7.1.3.2 Assigned GO TO Statement

7.1.4 Arithmetic IF Statement

7.2 CALL Statement

7.3 CASE Construct

7.4 CONTINUE Statement

7.5 DO Constructs

7.5.1 Forms for DO Constructs

7.5.2 Execution of DO Constructs

7.5.2.1 Iteration Loop Control

7.5.2.2 Nested DO Constructs

7.5.2.3 Extended Range

7.5.3 DO WHILE Statement

7.5.4 CYCLE Statement

7.5.5 EXIT Statement

7.6 END Statement

7.7 IF Construct and Statement

7.7.1 IF Construct

7.7.2 IF Statement

7.8 PAUSE Statement

7.9 RETURN Statement

7.10 STOP Statement

8 Program Units and Procedures

8.1 Main Program

8.2 High Performance Fortran Prefixes for Program Units

8.3 Modules and Module Procedures

8.3.1 Module References

8.3.2 USE Statement

8.4 Block Data Program Units

8.5 Functions, Subroutines, and Statement Functions

8.5.1 General Rules for Function and Subroutine Subprograms

8.5.1.1 Recursive Procedures

8.5.1.2 Pure Procedures

8.5.1.3 Elemental Procedures

8.5.2 Functions

8.5.2.1 RESULT Keyword

8.5.2.2 Function References

8.5.3 Subroutines

8.5.4 Statement Functions

8.6 External Procedures

8.7 Internal Procedures

8.8 Argument Association

8.8.1 Optional Arguments

8.8.2 Array Arguments

8.8.3 Pointer Arguments

8.8.4 Assumed-Length Character Arguments

8.8.5 Character Constant and Hollerith Arguments

8.8.6 Alternate Return Arguments

8.8.7 Dummy Procedure Arguments

8.8.8 References to Generic Procedures

8.8.8.1 References to Generic Intrinsic Functions

8.8.8.2 References to Elemental Intrinsic Procedures

8.8.9 References to Non-Fortran Procedures

8.8.9.1 %DESCR (VMS only), %REF, and %VAL Argument List Functions

8.8.9.2 %LOC Function

8.9 Procedure Interfaces

8.9.1 Determining When Procedures Require Explicit Interfaces

8.9.2 Defining Explicit Interfaces

8.9.3 Defining Generic Names for Procedures

8.9.4 Defining Generic Operators

8.9.5 Defining Generic Assignment

8.10 CONTAINS Statement

8.11 ENTRY Statement

8.11.1 ENTRY Statements in Function Subprograms

8.11.2 ENTRY Statements in Subroutine Subprograms

9 Intrinsic Procedures

9.1 Argument Keywords in Intrinsic Procedures

9.2 Overview of Intrinsic Procedures

9.2.1 Categories of Intrinsic Functions

9.2.2 Intrinsic Subroutines

9.2.3 Bit Functions

9.3 Descriptions of Intrinsic Procedures

9.3.1 ABS (A)

9.3.2 ACHAR (I)

9.3.3 ACOS (X)

9.3.4 ACOSD (X)

9.3.5 ADJUSTL (STRING)

9.3.6 ADJUSTR (STRING)

9.3.7 AIMAG (Z)

9.3.8 AINT (A [, KIND])

9.3.9 ALL (MASK [, DIM])

9.3.10 ALLOCATED (ARRAY)

9.3.11 ANINT (A [, KIND])

9.3.12 ANY (MASK [, DIM])

9.3.13 ASIN (X)

9.3.14 ASIND (X)

9.3.15 ASM (STRING [, A,...]) (Alpha only)

9.3.16 ASSOCIATED (POINTER [, TARGET])

9.3.17 ATAN (X)

9.3.18 ATAND (X)

9.3.19 ATAN2 (Y, X)

9.3.20 ATAN2D (Y, X)

9.3.21 BIT_SIZE (I)

9.3.22 BTEST (I, POS)

9.3.23 CEILING (A [, KIND])

9.3.24 CHAR (I [, KIND])

9.3.25 CMPLX (X [,Y] [, KIND])

9.3.26 CONJG (Z)

9.3.27 COS (X)

9.3.28 COSD (X)

9.3.29 COSH (X)

9.3.30 COTAN (X)

9.3.31 COTAND (X)

9.3.32 COUNT (MASK [, DIM])

9.3.33 CPU_TIME (TIME)

9.3.34 CSHIFT (ARRAY, SHIFT [, DIM])

9.3.35 DATE (BUF)

9.3.36 DATE_AND_TIME ([DATE] [, TIME] [, ZONE] [, VALUES])

9.3.37 DBLE (A)

9.3.38 DCMPLX (X [, Y])

9.3.39 DFLOAT (A)

9.3.40 DIGITS (X)

9.3.41 DIM (X, Y)

9.3.42 DOT_PRODUCT (VECTOR_A, VECTOR_B)

9.3.43 DPROD (X, Y)

9.3.44 DREAL (A)

9.3.45 EOF (A)

9.3.46 EOSHIFT (ARRAY, SHIFT [, BOUNDARY] [, DIM])

9.3.47 EPSILON (X)

9.3.48 ERRSNS ([IO_ERR] [, SYS_ERR] [, STAT] [, UNIT] [, COND])

9.3.49 EXIT ([STATUS])

9.3.50 EXP (X)

9.3.51 EXPONENT (X)

9.3.52 FLOOR (A [, KIND])

9.3.53 FP_CLASS (X)

9.3.54 FRACTION (X)

9.3.55 FREE (A)

9.3.56 HUGE (X)

9.3.57 IACHAR (C)

9.3.58 IAND (I, J)

9.3.59 IARGCOUNT ( ) (VMS only)

9.3.60 IARGPTR ( )

9.3.61 IBCHNG (I, POS)

9.3.62 IBCLR (I, POS)

9.3.63 IBITS (I, POS, LEN)

9.3.64 IBSET (I, POS)

9.3.65 ICHAR (C)

9.3.66 IDATE (I, J, K)

9.3.67 IEOR (I, J)

9.3.68 ILEN (I)

9.3.69 INDEX (STRING, SUBSTRING [, BACK] [, KIND])

9.3.70 INT (A [, KIND])

9.3.71 INT_PTR_KIND ( )

9.3.72 IOR (I, J)

9.3.73 ISHA (I, SHIFT)

9.3.74 ISHC (I, SHIFT)

9.3.75 ISHFT (I, SHIFT)

9.3.76 ISHFTC (I, SHIFT [, SIZE])

9.3.77 ISHL (I, SHIFT)

9.3.78 ISNAN (X)

9.3.79 KIND (X)

9.3.80 LBOUND (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND])

9.3.81 LEADZ (I)

9.3.82 LEN (STRING [, KIND])

9.3.83 LEN_TRIM (STRING [, KIND])

9.3.84 LGE (STRING_A, STRING_B)

9.3.85 LGT (STRING_A, STRING_B)

9.3.86 LLE (STRING_A, STRING_B)

9.3.87 LLT (STRING_A, STRING_B)

9.3.88 LOC (X)

9.3.89 LOG (X)

9.3.90 LOG10 (X)

9.3.91 LOGICAL (L [, KIND])

9.3.92 MALLOC (I)

9.3.93 MATMUL (MATRIX_A, MATRIX_B)

9.3.94 MAX (A1, A2 [, A3,...])

9.3.95 MAXEXPONENT (X)

9.3.96 MAXLOC (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK] [, KIND])

9.3.97 MAXVAL (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK])

9.3.98 MERGE (TSOURCE, FSOURCE, MASK)

9.3.99 MIN (A1, A2 [, A3,...])

9.3.100 MINEXPONENT (X)

9.3.101 MINLOC (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK] [, KIND])

9.3.102 MINVAL (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK])

9.3.103 MOD (A, P)

9.3.104 MODULO (A, P)

9.3.105 MULT_HIGH (I, J) (Alpha only)

9.3.106 MVBITS (FROM, FROMPOS, LEN, TO, TOPOS)

9.3.107 NEAREST (X, S)

9.3.108 NINT (A [, KIND])

9.3.109 NOT (I)

9.3.110 NULL ([MOLD])

9.3.111 NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS ([DIM])

9.3.112 NWORKERS ( )

9.3.113 PACK (ARRAY, MASK [, VECTOR])

9.3.114 POPCNT (I)

9.3.115 POPPAR (I)

9.3.116 PRECISION (X)

9.3.117 PRESENT (A)

9.3.118 PROCESSORS_SHAPE ( )

9.3.119 PRODUCT (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK])

9.3.120 QCMPLX (X, Y) (VMS, U*X)

9.3.121 QEXT (A) (VMS, U*X)

9.3.122 QFLOAT (A) (VMS, U*X)

9.3.123 QREAL (A) (VMS, U*X)

9.3.124 RADIX (X)

9.3.125 RAN (I)

9.3.126 RANDOM_NUMBER (HARVEST)

9.3.127 RANDOM_SEED ([SIZE] [, PUT] [, GET])

9.3.128 RANDU (I1, I2, X)

9.3.129 RANGE (X)

9.3.130 REAL (A [, KIND])

9.3.131 REPEAT (STRING, NCOPIES)

9.3.132 RESHAPE (SOURCE, SHAPE [, PAD] [, ORDER])

9.3.133 RRSPACING (X)

9.3.134 SCALE (X, I)

9.3.135 SCAN (STRING, SET [, BACK] [, KIND])

9.3.136 SECNDS (X)

9.3.137 SELECTED_INT_KIND (R)

9.3.138 SELECTED_REAL_KIND ([P] [, R])

9.3.139 SET_EXPONENT (X, I)

9.3.140 SHAPE (SOURCE [, KIND])

9.3.141 SIGN (A, B)

9.3.142 SIN (X)

9.3.143 SIND (X)

9.3.144 SINH (X)

9.3.145 SIZE (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND])

9.3.146 SIZEOF (X)

9.3.147 SPACING (X)

9.3.148 SPREAD (SOURCE, DIM, NCOPIES)

9.3.149 SQRT (X)

9.3.150 SUM (ARRAY [, DIM] [, MASK])

9.3.151 SYSTEM_CLOCK ([COUNT] [, COUNT_RATE] [, COUNT_MAX])

9.3.152 TAN (X)

9.3.153 TAND (X)

9.3.154 TANH (X)

9.3.155 TIME (BUF)

9.3.156 TINY (X)

9.3.157 TRAILZ (I)

9.3.158 TRANSFER (SOURCE, MOLD [, SIZE])

9.3.159 TRANSPOSE (MATRIX)

9.3.160 TRIM (STRING)

9.3.161 UBOUND (ARRAY [, DIM] [, KIND])

9.3.162 UNPACK (VECTOR, MASK, FIELD)

9.3.163 VERIFY (STRING, SET [, BACK] [, KIND])

9.3.164 ZEXT (X)

10 Data Transfer I/O Statements

10.1 Records and Files

10.2 Components of Data Transfer Statements

10.2.1 I/O Control List

10.2.1.1 Unit Specifier

10.2.1.2 Format Specifier

10.2.1.3 Namelist Specifier

10.2.1.4 Record Specifier

10.2.1.5 Key-Field-Value Specifier (VMS only)

10.2.1.6 Key-of-Reference Specifier (VMS only)

10.2.1.7 I/O Status Specifier

10.2.1.8 Branch Specifiers

10.2.1.9 Advance Specifier

10.2.1.10 Character Count Specifier

10.2.2 I/O Lists

10.2.2.1 Simple List Items in I/O Lists

10.2.2.2 Implied-Do Lists in I/O Lists

10.3 READ Statements

10.3.1 Forms for Sequential READ Statements

10.3.1.1 Rules for Formatted Sequential READ Statements

10.3.1.2 Rules for List-Directed Sequential READ Statements

10.3.1.3 Rules for Namelist Sequential READ Statements

10.3.1.4 Rules for Unformatted Sequential READ Statements

10.3.2 Forms for Direct-Access READ Statements

10.3.2.1 Rules for Formatted Direct-Access READ Statements

10.3.2.2 Rules for Unformatted Direct-Access READ Statements

10.3.3 Forms for Indexed READ Statements (VMS only)

10.3.3.1 Rules for Formatted Indexed READ Statements (VMS only)

10.3.3.2 Rules for Unformatted Indexed READ Statements (VMS only)

10.3.4 Forms and Rules for Internal READ Statements

10.4 ACCEPT Statement

10.5 WRITE Statements

10.5.1 Forms for Sequential WRITE Statements

10.5.1.1 Rules for Formatted Sequential WRITE Statements

10.5.1.2 Rules for List-Directed Sequential WRITE Statements

10.5.1.3 Rules for Namelist Sequential WRITE Statements

10.5.1.4 Rules for Unformatted Sequential WRITE Statements

10.5.2 Forms for Direct-Access WRITE Statements

10.5.2.1 Rules for Formatted Direct-Access WRITE Statements

10.5.2.2 Rules for Unformatted Direct-Access WRITE Statements

10.5.3 Forms for Indexed WRITE Statements (VMS only)

10.5.3.1 Rules for Formatted Indexed WRITE Statements (VMS only)

10.5.3.2 Rules for Unformatted Indexed WRITE Statements (VMS only)

10.5.4 Forms and Rules for Internal WRITE Statements

10.6 PRINT and TYPE Statements

10.7 REWRITE Statement

11 I/O Formatting

11.1 Format Specifications

11.2 Data Edit Descriptors

11.2.1 Forms for Data Edit Descriptors

11.2.2 General Rules for Numeric Editing

11.2.3 Integer Editing

11.2.3.1 I Editing

11.2.3.2 B Editing

11.2.3.3 O Editing

11.2.3.4 Z Editing

11.2.4 Real and Complex Editing

11.2.4.1 F Editing

11.2.4.2 E and D Editing

11.2.4.3 EN Editing

11.2.4.4 ES Editing

11.2.4.5 G Editing

11.2.4.6 Complex Editing

11.2.5 Logical Editing (L)

11.2.6 Character Editing (A)

11.2.7 Default Widths for Data Edit Descriptors

11.2.8 Terminating Short Fields of Input Data

11.3 Control Edit Descriptors

11.3.1 Forms for Control Edit Descriptors

11.3.2 Positional Editing

11.3.2.1 T Editing

11.3.2.2 TL Editing

11.3.2.3 TR Editing

11.3.2.4 X Editing

11.3.3 Sign Editing

11.3.3.1 SP Editing

11.3.3.2 SS Editing

11.3.3.3 S Editing

11.3.4 Blank Editing

11.3.4.1 BN Editing

11.3.4.2 BZ Editing

11.3.5 Scale Factor Editing (P)

11.3.6 Slash Editing (/)

11.3.7 Colon Editing (:)

11.3.8 Dollar Sign ($) and Backslash (\) Editing

11.3.9 Character Count Editing (Q)

11.4 Character String Edit Descriptors

11.4.1 Character Constant Editing

11.4.2 H Editing

11.5 Nested and Group Repeat Specifications

11.6 Variable Format Expressions

11.7 Printing of Formatted Records

11.8 Interaction Between Format Specifications and I/O Lists

12 File Operation I/O Statements on OpenVMS Systems

12.1 BACKSPACE Statement

12.2 CLOSE Statement

12.3 DELETE Statement

12.4 ENDFILE Statement

12.5 INQUIRE Statement

12.5.1 ACCESS Specifier

12.5.2 ACTION Specifier

12.5.3 BLANK Specifier

12.5.4 BLOCKSIZE Specifier

12.5.5 BUFFERED Specifier

12.5.6 CARRIAGECONTROL Specifier

12.5.7 CONVERT Specifier

12.5.8 DELIM Specifier

12.5.9 DIRECT Specifier

12.5.10 EXIST Specifier

12.5.11 FORM Specifier

12.5.12 FORMATTED Specifier

12.5.13 KEYED Specifier

12.5.14 NAME Specifier

12.5.15 NAMED Specifier

12.5.16 NEXTREC Specifier

12.5.17 NUMBER Specifier

12.5.18 OPENED Specifier

12.5.19 ORGANIZATION Specifier

12.5.20 PAD Specifier

12.5.21 POSITION Specifier

12.5.22 READ Specifier

12.5.23 READWRITE Specifier

12.5.24 RECL Specifier

12.5.25 RECORDTYPE Specifier

12.5.26 SEQUENTIAL Specifier

12.5.27 UNFORMATTED Specifier

12.5.28 WRITE Specifier

12.6 OPEN Statement

12.6.1 ACCESS Specifier

12.6.2 ACTION Specifier

12.6.3 ASSOCIATEVARIABLE Specifier

12.6.4 BLANK Specifier

12.6.5 BLOCKSIZE Specifier

12.6.6 BUFFERCOUNT Specifier

12.6.7 BUFFERED Specifier

12.6.8 CARRIAGECONTROL Specifier

12.6.9 CONVERT Specifier

12.6.10 DEFAULTFILE Specifier

12.6.11 DELIM Specifier

12.6.12 DISPOSE Specifier

12.6.13 EXTENDSIZE Specifier

12.6.14 FILE Specifier

12.6.15 FORM Specifier

12.6.16 INITIALSIZE Specifier

12.6.17 KEY Specifier

12.6.18 MAXREC Specifier

12.6.19 NAME Specifier

12.6.20 NOSPANBLOCKS Specifier

12.6.21 ORGANIZATION Specifier

12.6.22 PAD Specifier

12.6.23 POSITION Specifier

12.6.24 READONLY Specifier

12.6.25 RECL Specifier

12.6.26 RECORDSIZE Specifier

12.6.27 RECORDTYPE Specifier

12.6.28 SHARED Specifier

12.6.29 STATUS Specifier

12.6.30 TYPE Specifier

12.6.31 USEROPEN Specifier

12.7 REWIND Statement

12.8 UNLOCK Statement

13 File Operation I/O Statements on Tru64 UNIX, Linux, and Windows Systems

13.1 BACKSPACE Statement

13.2 CLOSE Statement

13.3 DELETE Statement

13.4 ENDFILE Statement

13.5 INQUIRE Statement

13.5.1 ACCESS Specifier

13.5.2 ACTION Specifier

13.5.3 BINARY Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.5.4 BLANK Specifier

13.5.5 BLOCKSIZE Specifier

13.5.6 BUFFERED Specifier

13.5.7 CARRIAGECONTROL Specifier

13.5.8 CONVERT Specifier

13.5.9 DELIM Specifier

13.5.10 DIRECT Specifier

13.5.11 EXIST Specifier

13.5.12 FORM Specifier

13.5.13 FORMATTED Specifier

13.5.14 IOFOCUS Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.5.15 MODE Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.5.16 NAME Specifier

13.5.17 NAMED Specifier

13.5.18 NEXTREC Specifier

13.5.19 NUMBER Specifier

13.5.20 OPENED Specifier

13.5.21 ORGANIZATION Specifier

13.5.22 PAD Specifier

13.5.23 POSITION Specifier

13.5.24 READ Specifier

13.5.25 READWRITE Specifier

13.5.26 RECL Specifier

13.5.27 RECORDTYPE Specifier

13.5.28 SEQUENTIAL Specifier

13.5.29 SHARE Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.5.30 UNFORMATTED Specifier

13.5.31 WRITE Specifier

13.6 OPEN Statement

13.6.1 ACCESS Specifier

13.6.2 ACTION Specifier

13.6.3 ASSOCIATEVARIABLE Specifier

13.6.4 BLANK Specifier

13.6.5 BLOCKSIZE Specifier

13.6.6 BUFFERCOUNT Specifier

13.6.7 BUFFERED Specifier

13.6.8 CARRIAGECONTROL Specifier

13.6.9 CONVERT Specifier

13.6.10 DEFAULTFILE Specifier

13.6.11 DELIM Specifier

13.6.12 DISPOSE Specifier

13.6.13 FILE Specifier

13.6.14 FORM Specifier

13.6.15 IOFOCUS Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.6.16 MAXREC Specifier

13.6.17 MODE Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.6.18 NAME Specifier

13.6.19 ORGANIZATION Specifier

13.6.20 PAD Specifier

13.6.21 POSITION Specifier

13.6.22 READONLY Specifier

13.6.23 RECL Specifier

13.6.24 RECORDSIZE Specifier

13.6.25 RECORDTYPE Specifier

13.6.26 SHARE Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.6.27 SHARED Specifier

13.6.28 STATUS Specifier

13.6.29 TITLE Specifier (WNT, W9*)

13.6.30 TYPE Specifier

13.6.31 USEROPEN Specifier

13.7 REWIND Statement

13.8 UNLOCK Statement

14 Compilation Control Statements

14.1 INCLUDE Statement

14.2 OPTIONS Statement

15 Compiler Directives

15.1 General Directives

15.1.1 Syntax Rules for General Directives

15.1.2 ALIAS Directive

15.1.3 ATTRIBUTES Directive

15.1.4 DECLARE or NODECLARE Directives

15.1.5 DEFINE and UNDEFINE Directives

15.1.6 FIXEDFORMLINESIZE Directive

15.1.7 FREEFORM and NOFREEFORM Directives

15.1.8 IDENT Directive

15.1.9 IF and IF DEFINED Directives

15.1.10 INTEGER Directive

15.1.11 IVDEP Directive

15.1.12 MESSAGE Directive

15.1.13 OBJCOMMENT Directive

15.1.14 OPTIONS Directive

15.1.15 PACK Directive

15.1.16 PSECT Directive

15.1.17 REAL Directive

15.1.18 STRICT and NOSTRICT Directives

15.1.19 TITLE and SUBTITLE Directives

15.1.20 UNROLL Directive

15.2 Parallel Directives for Tru64 UNIX Systems

15.2.1 Syntax Rules for Parallel Directives (TU*X only)

15.2.2 Data Scope Attribute Clauses (TU*X only)

15.2.2.1 COPYIN Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.2 DEFAULT Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.3 FIRSTPRIVATE Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.4 LASTPRIVATE Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.5 PRIVATE Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.6 REDUCTION Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.2.7 SHARED Clause (TU*X only)

15.2.3 OpenMP Fortran API Compiler Directives (TU*X only)

15.2.3.1 Conditional Compilation Rules (TU*X only)

15.2.3.2 ATOMIC Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.3 BARRIER Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.4 CRITICAL Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.5 DO Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.6 FLUSH Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.7 MASTER Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.8 ORDERED Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.9 PARALLEL Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.10 PARALLEL DO Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.11 PARALLEL SECTIONS Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.12 SECTIONS Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.13 SINGLE Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.14 THREADPRIVATE Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.3.15 Nesting and Binding Rules (TU*X only)

15.2.4 Compaq Fortran Parallel Compiler Directives (TU*X only)

15.2.4.1 BARRIER Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.2 CHUNK Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.3 COPYIN Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.4 CRITICAL SECTION Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.5 INSTANCE Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.6 MP_SCHEDTYPE Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.7 PARALLEL Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.8 PARALLEL DO Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.9 PARALLEL SECTIONS Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.10 PDO Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.11 PDONE Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.12 PSECTIONS Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.13 SINGLE PROCESS Directive (TU*X only)

15.2.4.14 TASKCOMMON Directive (TU*X only)

15.3 High Performance Fortran Directives for Tru64 UNIX Systems

15.3.1 Syntax Rules for HPF Directives (TU*X only)

15.3.2 ALIGN Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.3 DISTRIBUTE Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.4 INDEPENDENT Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.5 INHERIT Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.6 PROCESSORS Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.7 [NO]SEQUENCE Directive (TU*X only)

15.3.8 TEMPLATE Directive (TU*X only)

16 Scope and Association

16.1 Scope

16.2 Unambiguous Generic Procedure References

16.3 Resolving Procedure References

16.3.1 References to Generic Names

16.3.2 References to Specific Names

16.3.3 References to Nonestablished Names

16.4 Association

16.4.1 Name Association

16.4.1.1 Argument Association

16.4.1.2 Use and Host Association

16.4.2 Pointer Association

16.4.3 Storage Association

16.4.3.1 Storage Units and Storage Sequence

16.4.3.2 Array Association

A Obsolescent and Deleted Language Features

A.1 Deleted Language Features in Fortran 95

A.2 Obsolescent Language Features in Fortran 95

A.3 Obsolescent Language Features in Fortran 90

B Additional Language Features

B.1 DEFINE FILE Statement

B.2 The ENCODE and DECODE Statements

B.3 FIND Statement

B.4 FORTRAN-66 Interpretation of the EXTERNAL Statement

B.5 Alternative Syntax for the PARAMETER Statement

B.6 VIRTUAL Statement

B.7 Alternative Syntax for Octal and Hexadecimal Constants

B.8 Alternative Syntax for a Record Specifier

B.9 Alternative Syntax for the DELETE Statement

B.10 Alternative Form for Namelist External Records

B.11 The Compaq Fortran POINTER Statement

B.12 Record Structures

B.12.1 Structure Declarations

B.12.1.1 Type Declarations

B.12.1.2 Substructure Declarations

B.12.1.3 Union Declarations

B.12.2 RECORD Statement

B.12.3 References to Record Fields

B.12.4 Aggregate Assignment

C The ASCII and DEC Multinational Character Sets for OpenVMS, Tru64 UNIX, and Linux Systems

C.1 The ASCII Character Set (VMS, U*X)

C.2 The DEC Multinational Character Set (VMS, U*X)

D Data Representation Models

D.1 Model for Integer Data

D.2 Model for Real Data

D.3 Model for Bit Data

E Run-Time Library Module Routines on Windows Systems

E.1 Portability Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.2 QuickWin Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.3 Graphics Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.4 Dialog Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.5 National Language Support Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.6 Miscellaneous Run-Time Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.7 DFCOM Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.8 DFAUTO Routines (WNT, W9*)

E.9 SPORT Routines (WNT, W9*)

F Run-Time Library Routines on Tru64 UNIX and Linux Systems

F.1 General Library Routines (U*X only)

F.2 Parallel Library Routines (TU*X only)

F.2.1 OpenMP Fortran API Run-Time Library Routines (TU*X only)

F.2.2 Parallel Threads Routines for Compatibility (TU*X only)

G High Performance Fortran (HPF) Library Routines on Tru64 UNIX Systems

H Summary of Language Extensions

H.1 Compaq Fortran Language Extensions

H.2 High Performance Fortran Language Extensions

Glossary

Index

Examples

6-1 Allocating Virtual Memory

8-1 Using and Redefining an Intrinsic Function Name

11-1 Interaction Between Format Specifications and I/O Lists

14-1 Including Text from a File

16-1 Example of Name, Pointer, and Storage Association

Figures

1-1 Graphic Representation of Compaq Fortran

2-1 Required Order of Statements

2-2 Line Formatting Example

3-1 Array Storage

5-1 Equivalence of Substrings

5-2 Equivalence of Character Arrays

5-3 A Valid Extension of a Common Block

5-4 An Invalid Extension of a Common Block

7-1 Flow of Control in CASE Constructs

7-2 Nested DO Constructs

7-3 Control Transfers and Extended Range

7-4 Flow of Control in IF Constructs

B-1 Memory Map of Structure APPOINTMENT

B-2 Memory Map of Structure WORDS_LONG

C-1 Graphic Representation of the ASCII Character Set

C-2 Graphic Representation of the DEC Multinational Extension to the ASCII Character Set

Tables

1 Conventions Used in This Manual

2-1 Statements Restricted in Scoping Units

2-2 Indicators in Source Forms

3-1 C-Style Escape Sequences

4-1 Precedence of Expression Operators

4-2 Conversion Rules for Numeric Assignment Statements

5-1 Compatible Attributes

5-2 Noncharacter Data Types

5-3 Equivalence of Array Storage

5-4 Equivalence of Arrays with Nonunity Lower Bounds

8-1 Defaults for Argument List Functions

9-1 Functions Not Allowed as Actual Arguments

9-2 Categories of Intrinsic Functions

9-3 Summary of Generic Intrinsic Functions

9-4 Specific Functions with No Generic Association

9-5 Intrinsic Subroutines

10-1 Default Formats for List-Directed Output

11-1 Summary of Edit Descriptors

11-2 Effect of Data Magnitude on G Format Conversions

11-3 Size Limits for Noncharacter Data Using A Editing

11-4 Default Widths for Data Edit Descriptors

11-5 Control Characters for Printing

12-1 OPEN Statement Specifiers and Values on OpenVMS Systems

12-2 Maximum Record Lengths (RECL) on OpenVMS Systems

12-3 Default Record Lengths (RECL) on OpenVMS Systems

13-1 OPEN Statement Specifiers and Values on Tru64 UNIX, Linux, and Windows Systems

13-2 Maximum Record Lengths (RECL) on Tru64 UNIX, Linux, and Windows Systems

13-3 Default Record Lengths (RECL) on Tru64 UNIX, Linux, and Windows Systems

15-1 Common Block Defaults and PSECT Modification

15-2 Initialization Values for REDUCTION Operators and Intrinsics (TU*X only)

15-3 Categories of OpenMP Fortran Parallel Directives (TU*X only)

15-4 Categories of Compaq Fortran Parallel Directives (TU*X only)

16-1 Scope of Program Entities

16-2 Data Type Storage Requirements

E-1 Summary of Portability Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-2 Summary of Quickwin Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-3 Summary of Graphics Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-4 Summary of Dialog Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-5 Summary of NLS Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-6 Summary of Miscellaneous Run-Time Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-7 Summary of DFCOM Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-8 Summary of DFAUTO Routines (WNT, W9*)

E-9 Summary of SPORT Routines (WNT, W9*)

F-1 Summary of General Routines (U*X only)

F-2 Summary of OpenMP Parallel Routines (TU*X only)

F-3 Summary of Parallel Routines for Compatibility (TU*X only)

G-1 Summary of Compaq Fortran 3hpf Routines (TU*X only)